50 B. back Question Type: Critical Thinking Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an semiconscious infant or child, you must: ensure the airway is patent and clear of obstructions. D. place him or her on a firm surface. D. stridorous breathing. A. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. The components of the PAT are: The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: B. a rash. Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? mouth. C. severe dehydration. The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: 2. Question Type: General Knowledge A. newborns C. skin condition A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: C. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. A 2-month-old infant was found unresponsive in his crib by his mother. D. ensure that his or her head is in a hyperextended position. Page: 1185. Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between: B. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. A. older than 8 to 10 years. A. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full B. moderate dehydration. C. 4 seconds. D. assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and C. spaced further apart, which causes them to shift following trauma. The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: C. Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries. Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? 50. A. normal interactiveness, awareness to time, and pink skin color. A. high fever. B. children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries. Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child? When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence? What is the threshold of blood volume loss in children? Question Type: General Knowledge Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? D. The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy. Answer: A A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should: perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. His pulse is slow and bounding. C. nasal flaring. A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. A. result in tachycardia. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. B. Nursing Care of a Family With a High-Risk New. playing with a small toy. C. a rapid heart rate. D. give oxygen if the SpO2 is less than 90%. You should suspect: prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center. C. bulging fontanelles. D. hypovolemic shock. 22. B. visualize the child's airway. D. poisonings or ingestion. Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include: an ineffective cough Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children? The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: Question Type: General Knowledge B. a stiff or painful neck. You are using JumpSTART in a triage situation involving several children. Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if: C. the sudden force against the ribs causes them to fracture. Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen: he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. B. thoroughly suction his or her airway. A. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should: A. radial 74. A. is a rapid head-to-toe exam to detect life threats. Page: 1193. Answer: C 2, 4 D. 98 mm Hg. Page: 1180, 64. Answer: D B. insert an oral airway, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, apply full spinal precautions, and The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children: 95. pain control management is essential. The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: D. brisk capillary refill. A. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. D. he or she even has a minor injury. A. observe the chest for rise and fall. bronchioles. Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the: A. intercostal muscles are not well developed. D. entrapment in a structural fire. B. crying and anxiety. An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. 3 months and 4 years. Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with: Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: Explain the meanings of the following terms: quadratic damping, complex stiffness, transmissibility, beating, and quality factor. When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. D. 50 g, Answer: B B. rule out hypoxia if cyanosis is absent. You should: encourage him to cough, give O2 as tolerated, and transport. When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: have a female EMT remain with her if possible. C. conclude that the child is stable. A. B. A. 85. via a nonrebreathing mask. Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if: When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to: place O2 tubing through a hole in a paper cup. Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with: Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20kg child? B. A. of more than 2F to 3F per hour. D. absent urine output. D. age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. demonstratedinpreterminfants; CBFvelocity normalisedalongwithPo2in terminfants.5 Extremely low birthweight infants can be treated appropriatelywithroomairor30-40% oxygen in the delivery room.6 Routine use of 80-100%oxygenduringtheinitial stabilisation at birth, as often recommended,7 may there-fore produce hyperoxaemia in some infants. You should suspect: Page: 1179. B. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. B. hospital. C. perform a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. B. continue high-flow oxygen therapy, contact medical control, and request permission to administer more albuterol. Vasoconstriction can help or hurt your body, depending on the situation. How would you rate a patient who is breathing spontaneously, has a peripheral pulse, and is appropriately responsive to painful stimuli? Question Type: General Knowledge In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: severe hypoxia and bradycardia. unrecognized. D. retracting the intercostal muscles. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. B. are more obvious than in the adult population. The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: B. place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders. A. proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. 10. 3 Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: Or your baby may quiet to listen to your voice. Answer: A Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with: Infants produce heat by non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and should exhibit peripheral vasoconstriction when cold, but little empirical evidence confirms that ELBW infants are capable of peripheral vasoconstriction. A. assume the child is hypertensive. A. be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the Page: 1197, EMT Chapter 33- Obstetrics & Neonatal Care eB, EMT Chapter 33: Obstetrics and Neonatal Care, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Winningham's Critical Thinking Cases in Nursing, Barbara A Preusser, Julie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding. 6 months and 6 years. B. D. nausea and vomiting. Answer: D Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? 52. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include:types of family health services. Infants have relatively fixed stroke volumes and are particularly dependent upon heart rate to increase cardiac output. A. child abuse. Blood flow is delayed or halted as blood vessels close. C. perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. Question Type: General Knowledge C. deliver a series of five back blows and then reassess his condition. Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask? He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma on the back of his head. D. Do you know what substance was ingested? Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: weak distal pulses Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? A. B. partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. C. spaced further apart, which causes them to shift following trauma. A. block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. C. severe dehydration. is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. B. secondary to a severe bacterial infection. A. pallor. B. have a female EMT remain with her if possible. Dose: Adults. C. a cough that resembles the bark of a seal. A. typically last less than 30 minutes. B. his or her blood pressure falls with as little as 5% blood loss. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask. D. hyperglycemia. His mother states that she saw him put a small Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: B. a responsive 6-year-old male who responds appropriately B. attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. C. usually present within the first 10 minutes of ingestion. These include encouraging women and providing instructions on changing positions, . Page: 1187. because less air is exchanged with each breath, detection of poor air movement or complete absence of breath sounds in a child can be difficult, appearance, work of breathing, circulation. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. B. bradycardia. Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. D. acute respiratory distress. D. depress the tongue with a tongue depressor. D. buttocks. A. observe the chest for rise and fall. 35. D. 18, 6. D. gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child. Question Type: General Knowledge D. begin chest compressions if she becomes unresponsive and her heart rate falls below 80 beats/min. C. his or her respirations are shallow. 58. Answer: B most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. 79. C. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. A. a blank stare, a duration of between 15 and 30 minutes, and a prolonged postictal phase. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1155 13. Answer: D Critical burns in children include: You should: assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center. Page: 1195, 98. Question Type: General Knowledge A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: Page: 1186. A. C. rule out an injury to the spinal cord. C. 4 seconds. following questions would be of LEAST pertinence? You should: be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. B. rule out hypoxia if cyanosis is absent. Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of: With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. A. extreme restlessness. C. have a parent restrain the child as you give oxygen. A. A child's head is less frequently injured than an adult's. Page: 1169. 11 Common signs and symptoms of hypothermia include: Shivering (the first and the most common sign) Slow, shallow breathing Drowsiness Weak pulse Cold palms and feet Clumsy movements Loss of consciousness Slurred speech Transient memory loss A confused state of mind Bright red, cold skin (in babies) recent ear infection. D. sunken fontanelles. Question Type: General Knowledge 6, 12 A. hot items on a stovetop. D. result in a soft-tissue injury. B. partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. Answer: B When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should: All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called: A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or Peripheral vasoconstriction is an important autonomic response to cold exposure, which restricts heat transfer from the core to the environment through the skin. B. slide the device under the child. Question Type: General Knowledge Answer: B C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. C. 25% C. geriatrics A. child is in severe decompensated shock. A. normal interactiveness, awareness to time, and pink skin color. bloody or black, tarry stools, confusion, weakness, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior, breast swelling or tenderness, blurred vision, yellowed vision, weight loss (in children), growth delay (in children), and behavior changes (in children) Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above. and perform a secondary assessment. 40 B. observe the child's skin color. An infant of this age is also developmentally ready for other foods. D. age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. C. facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only. When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following Page: 1188. Chapter 34 Pediatric Emergencies. 90. A. stridor. In gen-eral, signs of blood loss include pale mucous membranes, pro-longed capillary re-fill time, progressive mental deterioration, tachypnea, hypothermia, poor pulse quality (narrow pulse .