This street will be closed Friday from 10 am to 4 pm through 3/6/23 to facilitate crane operation. Terms of Service | Privacy Policy | Cookies. Full closure may occur Friday between 12 am and 5 am for demolition and erection of the superstructure. This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 3/5/23 for use of knuckle boom to lift steel dunnage. These closures will continue through July 14, 2025. Motorists are advised to use Madison Avenue Bridge as an alternate route. Check NY1's Interactive Traffic Map to get detailed, street-level traffic and road conditions around NYC. This street will be closed from 8 am to 8 pm Saturday and Sunday through 3/12/23 to facilitate crane operation. The highway begins from Battery Park close to the mouth of the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel where it also accepts traffic from the southern terminus of the Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive. On March30, 1999, at the urging of Mayor Giuliani, the highway was renamed for legendary New York Yankees player Joe DiMaggio, who had died three weeks earlier. 3 North Bergen Traffic. US Route 46 Live Traffic, Construction and Accident Report. Portland, OR . This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 3/6/23 to facilitate crane operation. Indianapolis Traffic and road conditions for Indianapolis, Indiana and surrounding areas This street will be fully closed from 11 pm to 7 am Weeknights and 1 am to 8 am Saturday and Sunday through 3/16/23 to install exterior steel and signs with mobile crane. One lane of traffic in each direction will be maintained at all times. You can also transfer your calculated routes from your computer to the app: to do this, you must save it in your Favourites via your Michelin account. This street will be closed Friday 9 am to 4 pm through 4/1/23 for concrete pouring/knuckle boom. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 5/12/23 for support activities on canal. Piers are currently being refurbished and other work continues, with Pier 84 as the largest. It was split into two sections, Section one went from Canal Street to 59th Street. Follow the link to read our updated Privacy Policy. Single-lane Manhattan-bound north upper roadway will be closed Monday to Friday from 10 am to 3 pm. Renting a car can be financially advantageous. Parallels were drawn with elevated passenger railroads, which were being torn down at the time; Henry Curran of the City Club called elevated structures "a misfit in New York". to 20 blocks. One tube northbound and/or southbound will be closed (one direction at a time) Monday nights through Friday mornings from 11 pm to 5 am from March 6, 2023 to April 28, 2023 to facilitate inspection and maintenance by NYCDOT-Bridges. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/3/23 for private sewer installation. [citation needed], There was debate over whether to rebuild the damaged section of the road as a surface street or a tunnel. Two-way traffic will be maintained on one lane road, by way of flagger. New York News, Local News, Weather, Traffic, Entertainment, Breaking News Before the West Side Highway was built, the road along the Hudson River was busy, with significant cross traffic going to docks and ferries. At this time, all county roads remain open. Only minimal signage for the new name was erected as a result, while "West Side Highway" signs abound. According to Miller, there were questions over who would own and maintain the dual structure. This street will be closed Saturday from 12:01 am to 11:59 pm Sunday through 3/12/23 for Tandem cranes used to hoist and set transformers for Con Ed Substation. This street will be closed Saturday from 6 am to 9 pm Sunday through 3/5/23 for crawler crane assembly. It started when police got a report of a Toyota Camry . The following streets will be closed for the St. Patricks Day For All Parade on Sunday, March 5, 2023 at the discretion of the NYPD in Queens. Single-lane southbound will close Monday to Thursday from 10 am to 3 pm and 10 pm to 5 am next morning, Friday from 10 am to 3 pm and 10 pm to 6 am next morning, and Saturday from 10 pm to 2 pm next day. NEW YORK (CBSNewYork) -- Traffic on the West Side Highway is about to move even slower. This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 2/26/23 to facilitate crane operation. The highway is concurrent with Eleventh Avenue north of this point, passing by the 14th Street Park at 14th Street. Having begun at Canal Street in 1929, implementation of the elevated roadway had progressed as far as Midtown by the time that Robert Moses became NYC Parks Commissioner and took a direct interest in local projects 1934. ezeRoad US 46 New Jersey. This street will be closed Saturday from 12:01 am to 11:59 pm Sunday through 3/12/23 for associated closure. Following heavy snowfall, Columbia County road crews have been out since early Wednesday, Feb. 22, and again Thursday, Feb, 23, plowing snow and sanding major roads across the county. This information is subject to change. In addition, traffic flow (green: smooth traffic, red: traffic jams, orange: slow moving traffic, black: road closed) is available on the map. A below-grade crossing of the West Side Highway connecting the Brookfield Place (formerly the World Financial Center) complex and the Concourse level of the World Trade Center opened in October 2013, allowing the pedestrian bridge adjacent to Vesey Street to be removed. [49] Afterward, there were some delays caused by Cuomo's reluctance to prioritize the project. From there, the route passes close to the site of the World Trade Center at Vesey Street. [8] The Port Authority wanted a system of inland terminals and belt-line railroads. Above the second floor would be about ten stories of apartments, offices, businesses, and other uses appropriate for the neighborhoods; these would be the main source of revenue to pay for the project. Miller also received a letter from NYCRR Vice President Ira Place, stating that the railroad would reduce freight rates if the new elevated structure were built. The League emphasized that commercial traffic should be banned north of 72nd Street (as it currently is on the Henry Hudson Parkway).[26]. [31], In 1971, the Urban Development Corporation (UDC) proposed rebuilding the highway as Interstate478. Tue, 28 Feb 2023 14:12:13 -0500. issues Weekly Traffic Advisories and Special Alerts. The southernmost northbound exit was at 23rd Street. [9], Miller responded by arguing that something had to be done right away. BACKGROUND/PURPOSE. This street will be closed from 7:30 am to 10 pm Saturday and Sunday through 3/12/23 to facilitate crane operation. This street will be closed from 8 am to 4 pm Saturday through 3/5/23 for concrete operations. Traffic flow lines: Red lines = Heavy traffic flow, Yellow/Orange lines = Medium flow and Green = normal traffic or no traffic*. This street will be closed from 12:01 am to 2 pm Saturday and/or Sunday through 3/5/23 to facilitate crane operation. [15] Section two was approved by the Board of Estimate on August 16, 1928; section one was postponed until September 27 due to objections. Double-lane northbound will be closed Tuesday to Friday from 1 am to 5 am, Saturday from 2 am to 6 am, and Sunday from 2 am to 7 am. https://t.co/jaYgKJEoSB, I-35 NB: Roadway reopened to traffic between East 1st Street and Exit 94 - 36th Street (Ankeny). Virtually all the debris from the Center traveled up the West Side Highway to be shipped off by barge. This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 4/3/23 for emergency demo work. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 6/5/23 for concrete pump and boom truck to erect rebar. He cited traffic congestion as an extra cost of doing business and a blockage for fire engines. Download this West Side Highway Traffic video now. Legislation in June 1998 followed an agreement by Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Governor George Pataki to create the Hudson River Park on the west side of the highway from West 59th to the Battery. Its plans already meeting with some local resistance call for a 91,952-square-foot store with a 280-stall parking lot on a 13. . Route 3 New Jersey Accident Reports (25) Route 3 New Jersey Weather Conditions (1) Write a Report. [38] Donald Trump, who had an option on the property, seized on Moses's proposal as a way to enhance his development plans,[39] thus negating one of NYSDOT's objections, but his proposed 12,000-unit residential development went nowhere. This street will be closed Friday from 7 am to 6 pm, Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 3/26/23 to facilitate new building operation. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/26/23 to facilitate concrete and boom truck operations. Double-lane will be closed Monday to Friday from 1 am to 5 am, Saturday from 1 am to 7 am, and Sunday from 1 am to 7 am. [46] By November, a commission was set up to discuss the alternatives. https://t.co/yK3ifodrZL. This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 4 pm through 3/12/23 to facilitate crane operation. Six civic organizations opposed to Trump City proposed a plan that would relocate and bury the highway in conjunction with a much smaller development and a southward extension of Riverside Park. There used to be four West Street pedestrian bridges, two of them erected after the September 11 attacks. [12], The Board of Estimate approved the highway, now costing $13.5 million on June 14, 1926. This street will be closed from 7 am to 4 pm Saturday and Sunday through 3/5/23 to facilitate crane operation. This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 3/12/23 to facilitate watermain operation. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/15/23 for gas service installation. Beginning of West Street and the West Side Highway starting from the Battery Park Underpass West Street [ edit] At the time, Eleventh Avenue was popularly known as "Death Avenue" owing to the dangers of the surface line. This street will be closed Friday from 7 am to 3 pm through 3/27/23 for concrete operation for foundations and super structure. But in 1982, Judge Thomas Griesa of the U.S. District Court blocked the Corps permit, saying the road would harm striped bass. There were four alternatives: three at-grade options with a varying number of lanes and quality of roadway, and one option with grade-separated ramps over busy intersections. It was renamed "Westway" in 1974.[33][34]. This was in the midst of a reconstruction, finished on March29, 2002, after the September11 attacks in 2001 destroyed part of the road, which was still being rebuilt. Double-lane northbound will be closed Monday to Sunday from 1 am to 6:30 am. October 10, 2019 / 6:10 PM / CBS New York. The mezzanine, between the first and second floors, would be occupied by office space. The planned highway would no longer go to the Battery, instead ending at Canal Street, meeting the Holland Tunnel (which would open to traffic on November 13, 1927). In addition, three chunks of the tower that crashed into the highway were used in iconic pictures of the day. This street will be closed from 9 pm Friday to 5 am Monday through 3/31/23 for water main, Con Ed work, girder removal, etc. Visit the Department of Design and Construction, the New York State Department of Transportation, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and MTA for more construction and traffic information. Adams instead supported a comprehensive regional plan for development in the Hudson Valley. They believed that the plans should wait until the surface railroad tracks were removed in the area, at which point the elevated highway might not be necessary. 26K views, 1.2K likes, 65 loves, 454 comments, 23 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Citizen TV Kenya: #FridayNight The highway plan was linked to a plan by the city for more piers for ocean steamships; since the highway required land takings between 47th Street and 51st Street, it was easier to combine the projects and prevent additional expense. I-82 headed east is closed at Milepost 63, four miles west of Sunnyside, due to a collision, according to the Washington State Department of Transportation. It was to be built so a second deck could be added at a later time for about $9 million if traffic warranted. This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 4 pm for tree pruning with boom truck. Submit Your Photos! The Port Authority believed it was primarily a freight problem, but NYCRR and New York City considered it to be a grade-crossing elimination project. [18], Minor changes to the highway were approved on January 10, 1929, in response to several objections. A carjacking led to a crash and police-involved shooting that has shut down the West Side Highway near the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/8/23 concrete pouring. In addition, the 14th Street ramps were moved to the area between 19th Street and 23rd Street, where they would spare many markets at 14th Street. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm for use of knuckle boom to deliver hot tub. The following streets will be closed for the Richmond County St. Patricks Day Parade on Sunday, March 5, 2023 at the discretion of the NYPD in Staten Island. This street will be closed from 9 am to 4 pm Friday and from 5 am to 9 pm Saturday and Sunday through 3/12/23 for mainline track repairs. Green vehicles: which motorisation for which use? Also, FDR Drive northbound entrance ramp at Montgomery Street may be closed Friday from 11 pm to 5:30 am next morning through March 4, 2023, to facilitate bridge demolition and related work. This prompted New York Governor George Pataki to cancel the tunnel project in favor of a boulevard. A subsequent development project, Lincoln West, accepted the elevated highway, but, although Lincoln West won approval from the City,[41] it failed to obtain financing. These closures will continue through June 1, 2023 to facilitate New Pedestrian Walkway and Fender Rehabilitation. Also, Willis Avenue ramp from the FDR Drive/HRD northbound will partially be closed during these times. This street will be closed 24/7 through 3/16/23 for EDC contract#73720002 and EDC DWG#64350006. 3 Secaucus Traffic. Above, cars, trucks, buses and taxis drive along West Street near Greenwich . It is often erroneously referred to as the West Side Highway throughout its entire course in Manhattan. Employees started stocking up their shelves since 1 a.m. Single-lane Bronx-bound and adjacent sidewalk will be closed Monday to Friday from 7 am to 3 pm and double-lane will be closed from 10 am to 2 pm. This street will be closed from 6 am to 1 pm Saturday and Sunday through 3/4/23 for building inspection from boom truck. This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 5 pm through 5/28/23 to facilitate crane operation. Many objected that it would be ugly. This service would be free, and would be a substitute for new subways in the corridor. this weekend. Bridge will be fully closed, up to two nights per week, Monday to Friday from 1 am to 4 am, through March 21, 2023, to facilitate electrical repairs. This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 3/5/23 for use of knuckle boom to lift cooling tower. For More In-Depth IA Traffic and Road Conditions See: Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read our. This street will be fully closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm through 3/16/23 for new building operations. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/31/23 to pup concrete and hoist material. This street will be closed Friday from 8:15 am to 6 pm through 3/27/23 to facilitate crane operation. The northern terminus is at the Bronx-Westchester county boundary, where it continues north as the . FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY (FOUO) UNCLASSIFIED CONTROLLED INFORMATION (UCI) UCI/FOUO may be distributed only after permission of the public information officer and the regional records access officer has granted and identified the recipient(s) and use of information. [7], The Port of New York Authority opposed the plan, preferring a more forward-looking comprehensive freight distribution plan. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/7/23 to facilitate crane operation. Geo resource failed to load. Clifton Live traffic coverage with maps and news updates - US Route 46 Near Clifton. A reversible roadway, carrying cars in the direction of rush hour traffic, would occupy the eighth and ninth (top) levels. This street will be closed Friday from 7 am to 6 pm through 3/10/23 full roadway restoration. There were also objections to its height of 40 feet (12 m) and its placement at the east building line of the existing surface roads. This street will be closed from 12 am to 6 am through 3/3/23 to install signage on exterior of building. [34][35] At the same time, Congress moved to deny necessary funding for the landfill.[36]. New York Traffic - ABC7 New York Traffic Traffic News LIRR making adjustments first week of Grand Central Madison service Extra Time: Swift changes on the way for LIRR woes? Southbound FDR Drive service road between East 73 and East 71 Streets, FDR Exit Ramp (Exit 13), and Entrance Ramp to southbound FDR Drive will be closed Monday to Friday from 9:30 pm to 5 am next morning, Friday from 11 pm to 10 am next morning, and Saturday from 11 pm to 11 am next morning. NJ DOT - TOC South: Crash on I-295 northbound South of Exit 32 - CR 561/Haddonfield Berlin Rd (Cherry Hill Twp) right shoulder closed use caution. West Side Highway Speed Limit Will Drop, City Says - New York City, NY - Changes will take effect on Route 9A, which spans Battery Place to West 59th Street. How to use the Westside Traffic Map This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 3/5/23 for conduit installation for customer reinforcement. Queens-bound south outer roadway will be closed Sunday to Saturday from 12 am to 6 am. However, Moses created significant works extending from the north and south ends of the West Side Highway, including: In the 1960s, Moses proposed straightening the West Side Highway, widening both the highway and the Henry Hudson Parkway, and constructing both the Lower Manhattan Expressway and the Mid-Manhattan Expressways, connecting routes that would have stretched across Manhattan. * More Manhattan news * Send us a news tip [23] The Fine Arts Federation also opposed the highway, saying that elevated structures were unsightly, and that if the existing street were cleared a new highway might not be required. [52] There were also proposals for "cove" developments alongside the future boulevard. Trump eventually agreed to this plan, known as Riverside South. 1 Dead, 3 Injured After Wrong-Way Crash On Henry Hudson Parkway. The northbound West Side Highway was shut down north of 79th Street as police investigated and crews worked to clear the wreckage. Miller spoke at a meeting of the Market and Business Men's Association of the Greenwich and Chelsea Districts on October 30, 1928, detailing plans for the highway. Manufacture Franaise des Pneumatiques Michelin will process your email address in order to manage your subscription to the Michelin newsletter. Traffic Advisory Check the Special Traffic In 2004, the police forces of both the PANYNJ and the NYPD announced concerns that the proposed One World Trade Center would be too close to the West Side Highway and thus vulnerable to car bombs. He disapproved of its ugliness and noise, and suggested simply clearing obstructions to the existing surface road to speed traffic. This street will be closed from 6 am to 2 pm Friday and from 5 am to 9 pm Saturday and Sunday through 3/19/23 for mainline track repairs. Subscribe to the Michelin newsletter. There would be a 60 acres (24ha) $100 million park on the highway's western periphery, the latter of which was criticized by Governor Mario Cuomo as being too expensive. You can deactivate the "Take traffic into account" option at any time to view travel times for smooth traffic conditions. Subscribe to traffic advisory email updates, New York State Department of Transportation, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Fort. These closures are necessary to facilitate roadway widening. The City Club also objected to more passenger cars in downtown Manhattan. Advisory, Lane closings may also occur due to circumstances beyond NYC DOT's control. Southbound exit ramp to 138 Street bridge will be closed Friday from 11 pm to 6 am, Saturday from 11 pm to 9 am next morning, and Sunday from 11 pm to 5 am next morning to facilitate water main connections. Thank you! This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 3/15/23 to pump concrete and hoist materials. This street will be closed Friday from 7 am to 6 pm through 5/26/23 for installation of storm sewers and BMP structures. This street will be closed 24/7 through 4/30/23 for detour signage during DOT bridge work. Columbia County public works director Michael Russell reported that snowfall has mostly stopped in the county, and crews will address side roads after major routes have been cleared. A public garage would occupy the fourth and fifth floors, helping to pay off the bonds for the project. If you are unable to pan the map, press here (to focus off of the map) and try again. Two-block-long ramps would be provided with easy grades for entering and exiting the highway. During full closure, motorists are advised to use Exit 2 (Westchester Avenue/East Tremont Avenue) for southbound and Exit 1B (East Tremont Avenue/Westchester Avenue) for northbound as alternate route. Closest City Road or Highway Your Report. Sharp "S" exit ramps proved hazardous, as did the left-hand exit and entrance lanes that made merging dangerous. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/9/23 for concrete pump and boom trucks to work on new building. Right-lane will become an exit only lane at Exit 3 24/7. This article is about the section of NY 9A in Manhattan below 72nd Street. A freight railroad would lie underground. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/10/23 to facilitate crane operation. Goldman Sachs, which had planned to build its headquarters in Battery Park City, announced its intention to cancel those plans because of concerns about the traffic pattern and long-term construction disruptions. MDOT - Mi Drive Camera Lists Skip Navigation The proposal came about after six months of negotiations between Manhattan Borough President Julius Miller and the NYCRR. This street will be closed Friday from 10 pm to 5 am through 4/1/23 to facilitate crane operation. The DOT also said they'll be adjusting traffic signals at West Street from Battery Place to West 14th Street, 11th Avenue from West 14th Street to West 22nd Street, and 12th Avenue from West 22nd . They believed that the plans should wait until the surface railroad tracks were removed in the area, at which point the elevated highway might not be necessary. According to Enright, "During business hours West Street [was] the most congested thoroughfare in the city. The highway is a six-to-eight lane urban boulevard, with the northernmost section, from 59th Street to 72nd Street (where it becomes the Henry Hudson Parkway), elevated above a former rail yard adjacent to tracks still used by Amtrak. That option was rejected because of the cost and because it would violate the Blumenthal Amendment, which prohibited any highway construction that would alter Riverside Park. A three-foot (1 m) sidewalk would be built for pedestrians, although the highway was intended mainly for motor vehicles. [19] In addition, the West Washington Market would no longer be demolished, and instead the highway would graze the roofs of some of the stores. On October 31, 2017, a man intentionally drove a pickup truck for a mile through the Hudson River Park's bike path, parallel to the West Side Highway, between Houston Street and Chambers Street, killing eight people and injuring at least 11. Section two was to carry the road over the NYCRR's 60th Street Yard from 59th Street to 72nd Street. [21], Dr. Benjamin Battin, a professor at Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania, had a similar plan for an eight-story high boulevard. 3 Rutherford Traffic. Schedules are subject to change due to This street will be closed Saturday from 8 am to 6 pm and Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm through 3/4/23 for building inspection from boom truck. The park consists of 550 acres (2.2km2) and is the biggest park construction in the city since Central Park. This street will be closed from 9 am to 9 pm Saturday and Sunday through 3/18/23 for test pits. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 5 pm through 3/19/23 for associated closure. Single-lane in both directions will be closed Monday to Thursday from 10 pm to 5:30 am next morning, Friday from 11 pm to 10 am next morning, and Saturday from 11 pm to 11 am next morning. Submit. At 22nd Street, the highway continues as Twelfth Avenue passing by the Chelsea Waterside Park. west side highway Jury convicts Sayfullo Saipov for killing 8 in bike path terror attack A jury found Sayfullo Saipov guilty in the deadly West Side Highway terror attack on Halloween 2017 in. On September 30, 1985, New York City officially gave up on the project,[33][34] allocating 60 percent of its interstate highway funds to mass transit[33] and setting aside $811 million for the "West Side Highway Replacement Project". DiMaggio lived on Manhattan's east side.[55]. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/20/23 to facilitate crane operation. Various proposals circulated in the 1920s to build an expressway on the west side. Plan your trip and get the fastest route taking into account current traffic conditions. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 3/11/23 for building inspection from boom truck. 3 Clifton Traffic. Penalty phase to begin for man convicted of West Side Highway attack. Single-lane will be closed northbound from 7 am to 9 am and the northbound and southbound lanes will be closed from 9 am to 1 pm during the daytime. This street will be closed from 5 pm to 10 pm Friday through 4/20/23 to load packer trucks as it relates to demo work occurring within building. [32] The final plan, championed by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller and Mayor John Lindsay, called for burying the six-lane highway in 220 acres (89ha) of new landfill south of 40th Street, placing the accompanying development on land instead of on platforms. Click or touch the map to move in different directions. Crews are also dealing with downed trees and trying to keep debris off the road, Russell said. Despite being a surface road, with many at-grade intersections and traffic lights, some of the intersections are given exit numbers. The street level and first floor would be connected to the Hudson River piers. Construction of the West Side Highway Replacement Project was completed between the Battery and 59th Street in August 2001. Four days later, several sections of the highway were agreed on. According to Port Authority Chairman Julian Gregory, it was almost certain that NYCRR would not go along with the Port Authority plan. This street will be closed Friday from 9 am to 4 pm through 5/15/23 to facilitate crane operation. NYC Set To Drop Speeds On West Side Highway South Of 59th Traffic on the West Side Highway is about to move even slower. Also, both directions will be fully closed Monday to Friday from 11 pm to 5 am next morning through March 3, 2023. Later, in his 80s, he opposed the Westway project, but by that time his power was gone and his ideas generally weren't taken seriously. Cars would reach the upper level via ramps at both ends and elevators at convenient intervals. The proposal immediately ran into stiff opposition. At the time, West Street exhibited a "daily avalanche of freight and passengers in traffic", and was "walled by an unbroken line of bulkhead sheds and dock structures"[5] blocking the view not only of the river, but even of the ships being serviced, and the commerce carried out on those piers and slips was vital to the economic health of the city.
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