On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. If in some things Alphonsus was an Anglo-Saxon, in others he was a Neapolitan of the Neapolitans, though always a saint. His system of moral theology is noted for its prudence, avoiding both laxism and excessive rigour. In April 1729, the Apostle of China, Matthew Ripa, founded a missionary college in Naples, which became known colloquially as the "Chinese College". Though St. Alphonsus was founder and de facto head of the Institute, its general direction in the beginning, as well as the direction of Alphonsus's conscience, was undertaken by the Bishop of Castellamare and it was not till the latter's death, 20 April, 1743, that a general chapter was held and the Saint was formally elected Superior-General. In 1719, together with a Father Filangieri, also one of the "Pii Operarii", he had refounded a Conservatorium of religious women at Scala on the mountains behind Amalfi. Vol. He finally agreed to become a priest but to live at home as a member of a group of secular missionaries. He was now free, subject to the approval of the Bishop of Scala, to act with regard to the convent as he thought best. Both last about two hours but are filled with soul-stirring music. Canonized: May 26, 1839. This lifelong friendship aided Alphonsus, as did his association with a mystic, Sister Mary Celeste. He wrote sermons, books, and articles to encourage devotion to the Blessed Sacrament and the Blessed Virgin Mary. He often writes as a Neapolitan to Neapolitans. Even when taking him into society in order to arrange a good marriage for him, he wished Alphonsus to put God first, and every year father and son would make a retreat together in some religious house. The Saint's mother was of Spanish descent, and if, as there can be little doubt, race is an element in individual character, we may see in Alphonsus's Spanish blood some explanation of the enormous tenacity of purpose which distinguished him from his earliest years. He was the eldest of seven children and the hope of his house. If you donate just $5.00, the price of your coffee, Catholic Online School could keep thriving. St. Alphonsus likened the conflict between law and liberty to a civil action in which the law has the onus probandi, although greater probabilities give it a verdict. The Eucharistic Miracle of Lanciano took place in the 8th century: a Basilian monk, who had doubted the Real Presence of Our Lord in the Eucharist, was celebrating Mass, and at the consecration, saw that the Host had changed into flesh. "St. Alphonsus Liguori." The impulse to this passionate service of God comes from Divine grace, but the soul must correspond (which is also a grace of God), and the soul of strong will and strong passions corresponds best. This Novena for the Holy Souls in Purgatory was written by St. Alphonsus Liguori (1696-1787), a bishop and founder of the Redemptorist order, and one of the Doctors of the Church. The eighteenth century was not an age remarkable for depth of spiritual life, yet it produced three of the greatest missionaries of the Church, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, St. Paul of the Cross, and St. Alphonsus Liguori. St. Alphonsus Mary de Liguori, Doctor of the Church . Visiting the local Hospital for Incurables on August 28, 1723, he had a vision and was told to consecrate his life solely to God. Many Miracles are wrought through the intercession of Alphonsus. The crisis arose in this way. He had a love for the lower animals, and wild creatures who fled from all else would come to him as to a friend. The family was an old and noble one, though the branch to which the Saint belonged had become somewhat impoverished. There are many editions of the Saint's Moral Theology; the best and latest is that of P. GAUDI, C.SS.R. He was also a poet and musician. The saints are not inhuman but real men of flesh and blood, however much some hagiographers may ignore the fact. The foundation of all subsequent lives is the Della vita ed istituto del venerabile Alfonso Maria Liguori, of ANTONY TANNOIA, one of the great biographies of literature. He thought his mistake would be ascribed not to oversight but to deliberate deceit. About 1729, however, Filangieri died, and on 8 October, 1730, Falcoia was consecrated Bishop of Castellamare. This was to be a momentous revolution for Alphonsus. St. Alphonsus, after publishing anonymously (in 1749 and 1755) two treatises advocating the right to follow the less probable opinion, in the end decided against that lawfulness, and in case of doubt only allowed freedom from obligation where the opinions for and against the law were equal or nearly equal. In 1732 he founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, or the Redemptorists, at Scala. [8] Moreover, Liguori viewed scruples as a blessing at times and wrote: "Scruples are useful in the beginning of conversion. they cleanse the soul, and at the same time make it careful". St. Alphonsus Liguori. In 1732, while he was staying at the Convent of the Consolation, one of his order's houses in the small city of Deliceto in the province of Foggia in Southeastern Italy, Liguori wrote the Italian carol "Tu scendi dalle stelle" ("From Starry Skies Descending") in the musical style of a pastorale. In the eight years of his career as advocate, years crowded with work, he is said never to have lost a case. Alphonsus was the oldest of seven children, raised by a devout mother of Spanish descent. Here St. Alphonsus teaches that those who refuse to bow to the will of God only double their afflictions. The traditional Stations of the Cross were written by St. Alphonsus Liguori, a bishop and Doctor of the Church, in 1761. The Saint had four houses, but during his lifetime it not only became impossible in the Kingdom of Naples to get any more, but even the barest toleration for those he had could scarcely be obtained. Two days after he was born, he was baptized at the Church of Our Lady the Virgin as Alphonsus Mary Anthony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori. Alphonsus' last illness and Deaths 548 CHAPTER XXXVII. APA citation. [5] He founded the Evening Chapels, which were managed by the young people themselves. His masterpiece was The Moral Theology (1748), which was approved by the Pope himself[5] and was born of Liguori's pastoral experience, his ability to respond to the practical questions posed by the faithful and his contact with their everyday problems. There he met Bishop Thomas Falcoia, founder of the Congregation of Pious Workers. Infidelity and impiety were gaining ground; Voltaire and Rousseau were the idols of society; and the ancien rgime, by undermining religion, its one support, was tottering to its fall. Dissension within the congregation culminated in 1777 when he was deceived into signing what he thought was a royal sanction for his rule. Tannoia, also, through some mental idiosyncrasy, manages to give the misleading impression that St. Alphonsus was severe. A few months later Alphonsus left his father's house and went to live with Ripa, without, however, becoming a member of his society. In the year 1747, King Charles of Naples wished to make Alphonsus Archbishop of Palermo, and it was only by the most earnest entreaties that he was able to escape. In 1762 Pope Clement XIII made him bishop of Sant Agata del Goti near Naples; he resigned in 1775 because of ill health. A star preacher, he called his fellow sermonizers on the carpet for sermons of "empty, rumbling rhetoric" or "flashy . The version with Italian lyrics was based on his original song written in Neapolitan, which began Quanno nascette Ninno ("When the child was born"). It was comparatively late in life that Alphonsus became a writer. St. Alphonsus tell us: "Modern heretics make a mockery of wearing the Scapular, they decry it as so much trifling nonsense." Yet many of the popes have approved and recommended it. But, before relating the episode of the "Regolamento", as it is called, we must speak of the period of the Saint's episcopate which intervened. Feast Day: August 1. The other was not to be long delayed. His best-known musical work is his Christmas hymn Quanno Nascetti Ninno, later translated into Italian by Pope Pius IX as Tu scendi dalle stelle ("From Starry Skies Thou Comest"). He had a pleasant smile, and his conversation was very agreeable, yet he had great dignity of manner. Were the vehement things in his letters and writings, especially in the matter of rebuke or complaint, to appraised as if uttered by an Anglo-Saxon in cold blood, we might be surprised and even shocked. To this Alphonsus by the advice of his director, Father Thomas Pagano, himself an Oratorian, agreed. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. St. Alphonsus Liguori. Catholic Online is a Project of Your Catholic Voice Foundation, a Not-for-Profit Corporation. But one may easily overcrowd a narrow canvas and it is better in so slight a sketch to leave the central figure in solitary relief. Alphonsus's temperament was very ardent. Paths to Heaven; Revelations. The English translation of the work is projected to be around 5 volumes. At three different times in his missions, while preaching, a ray of light from a picture of Our Lady darted towards him, and he fell into an ecstasy before the people. Then the storm subsided, and he began to see that his humiliation had been sent him by God to break down his pride and wean him from the world. As it was traditionally associated with the zampogna, or large-format Italian bagpipe, it became known as Canzone d'i zampognari, the "Carol of the Bagpipers". Riding and fencing were his recreations, and an evening game of cards; he tells us that he was debarred from being a good shot by his bad sight. He was helped in this by his turn of mind which was extremely practical. Bishop, Doctor of the Church, and the founder of the Redemptorist Congregation. It was approved by the king and forced upon the stupefied Congregation by the whole power of the State. Saint Alphonsus Liguori's Story Moral theology, Vatican II said, should be more thoroughly nourished by Scripture, and show the nobility of the Christian vocation of the faithful and their obligation to bring forth fruit in charity for the life of the world. Clarence F. Galli. A prolific writer, he published nine editions of his Moral Theology in his lifetime, in addition to other devotional and ascetic works and letters. Transcription. It would be a sacrilege to say otherwise." The suffering which this brought on Alphonsus, with his sensitive and high-strung disposition, was very great, besides what was worse, the relaxation of discipline and loss of vocations which it caused in the Order itself. Except in '45, in all of these, down to the first shot fired at Lexington, the English-speaking world was on one side and the Bourbon States, including Naples, on the other. The Catholic Encyclopedia. As he did not die till 1808 (his work appeared in 1799) he was a companion of the Saint for over forty years and an eyewitness of much that he relates. A strong defender of the Catholic Church, Liguori said: To reject the divine teaching of the Catholic Church is to reject the very basis of reason and revelation, for neither the principles of the one nor those of the other have any longer any solid support to rest on; they can then be interpreted by every one as he pleases; every one can deny all truths whatsoever he chooses to deny. He answered emphatically: "Never! Saint Alphonsus De Liguori Usage Public Domain Topics Blessed Virgin Mary, Miracles, Apparitions, Conversion, Saints, Rosary, Sin, Repentance, Catholic Collection opensource Language English Stories from St Alphonsus De Liguori, which he culled from various sources, which can be seen in the larger work, "The Glories of Mary". Alphonsus agreed to both requests and set out with his two friends, John Mazzini and Vincent Mannarini, in September, 1730. She was declared Venerable 11 August, 1901. Yet, to take anger alone, though comparatively early in life he seemed dead to insult or injury which affected himself, in cases of cruelty, or of injustice to others, or of dishonour to God, he showed a prophet's indignation even in old age. In 1949, the Redemptorists founded the Alphonsian Academy for the advanced study of Catholic moral theology. If civil courts could not decide against a defendant on greater probability, but had to wait, as a criminal court must wait, for moral certainty, many actions would never be decided at all. You have overlooked a document which destroys your whole case." With their aid, Aiphonsus founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer on November 9, 1732. Soon after this the boy began his studies for the Bar, and about the age of nineteen practised his profession in the courts. Alphonsus Mary Antony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori was born in his father's country house at Marianella near Naples, on Tuesday, 27 September, 1696. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Naples had been part of the dominions of Spain since 1503, but in 1708 when Alphonsus was twelve years old, it was conquered by Austria during the war of the Spanish Succession. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. He founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (the Redemptorists). Quite recently, a duet composed by him, between the Soul and God, was found in the British Museum bearing the date 1760 and containing a correction in his own handwriting. Under the government of the Marquis della Sambuca, who, though a great regalist, was a personal friend of the Saint's, there was promise of better times, and in August, 1779, Alphonsus's hopes were raised by the publication of a royal decree allowing him to appoint superiors in his Congregation and to have a novitiate and house of studies. For thirteen years Alphonsus fed the poor, instructed families, reorganized the seminary and religious houses, taught theology, and wrote. The Saint only wept in silence and tried in vain to devise some means by which his Order might be saved. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. He was thinking of leaving the profession and wrote to someone, "My friend, our profession is too full of difficulties and dangers; we lead an unhappy life and run risk of dying an unhappy death". The "Glories of Mary", "The Selva", "The True Spouse of Christ", "The Great Means of Prayer", "The Way of Salvation", "Opera Dogmatica, or History of the Council of Trent", and "Sermons for all the Sundays in the Year", are the best known. He founded the congregation with the charism of preaching popular missions in the city and the countryside. [4] Myopia and chronic asthma precluded a military career so his father had him educated in the legal profession. Patron saint of: people with arthritis, lawyers, vocations. [7] At 27, after having lost an important case, the first he had lost in eight years of practising law, he made a firm resolution to leave the profession of law. Some persons, boasting of being free from prejudices, take great credit to themselvesfor believing no miracles but those recorded in the holy scriptures, esteeming all others. Deposed and excluded from his own congregation, Alphonsus suffered great anguish. It was through Louis Florent Gillet, Redemptorist priest and co-founder of the Sisters of IHM that we have been gifted with the legacy of St. Alphonsus Liguori. They also fought Jansenism, a heresy that preached an excessive moral rigorism: "the penitents should be treated as souls to be saved rather than as criminals to be punished". To follow an opinion in favour of liberty without weighing it, merely because it is held by someone else, would have seemed to Alphonsus an abdication of the judicial office with which as a confessor he was invested. Author and Publisher - Catholic Online So many times I have sinned, but I repent sincerely because I love you. [2][3], He was born in Marianella, near Naples, then part of the Kingdom of Naples, on 27 September 1696. She became known in religion as Sister Maria Celeste. Nihil Obstat. That legacy is the participation in the redemptive mission of Jesus. He was more concerned with the spiritual conflict which was going on at the same time. Key Concepts; Teachings; Visions; Search Revelations . When he was preparing for the priesthood in Naples, his masters were of the rigid school, for though the center of Jansenistic disturbance was in northern Europe, no shore was so remote as not to feel the ripple of its waves. In 1762, there was no escape and he was constrained by formal obedience to the Pope to accept the Bishopric of St. Agatha of the Goths, a very small Neapolitan diocese lying a few miles off the road from Naples to Capua. So the Saint was cut off from his own Order by the Pope who was to declare him "Venerable". The priest was Alphonsus. He both made and kept a vow not to lose a single moment of time. Dedicated to Fr. Its goal was to teach and preach in the slums of cities and other poor places. The latest life, BERTHE, Saint Alphonse de Liguori (Paris, 1900, 2 vols. Alphonsus, assisted by divine grace, did not disappoint his father's care. Entdecke ST. ROSE VON LIMA, SCHWESTER MARY ALPHONSUS katholisches heiliges Buch in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! He was beatified in 1816 and canonized in 1839. Dissensions arose, the Saint's former friend and chief companion, Vincent Mannarini, opposing him and Falcoia in everything.
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